Cervical Polyps

Cervical polyp

Smooth and finger shaped projections that occur within the female anatomical structure called cervix are termed cervical polyps. These structures appear red or purple in color. Sizes differ and they are usually likened to bulbs on thin stems and can arise solitarily or in groups. ^[1] While it is a benign condition or noncancerous, cervical polyp can serve as a warning sign since a very small percentage of the reported cases still lead to malignancy. ^[2]

Epidemiology

Polyps are relatively common usually occurring in females in their 2^nd decade of life. ^[3]

Causes

The cause remains unknown. Suggested in its mechanism include an abnormal response to raised levels of a female hormone called estrogen, long term inflammation and  blocked blood vessels in the cervix. Inflammation of the cervix can be brought about by bacterial infection, viral infection such as HPV infection and yeast infection. Sometimes pregnancy and miscarriage can also be a factor to cervical inflammation.^[3]

Signs and Symptoms

An affected person may not have any sign or symptom. On the other hand, she may experience symptoms such as heavy menses, abnormal bleeding after a sexual intercourse or after douching and her vaginal discharge can be malodorous. She can also develop white or yellowish colored mucus. ^{[3] [4]}

Diagnosis

Cervical polyps are directly observable on physical examination carried out by a physician. A biopsy may be done to further determine the activity of the cells. ^[3]

Treatment

Polyps are removed often in an outpatient basis since the process is relatively uncomplicated. An instrument termed polyp forceps is utilized to take out the polyp. Pain relievers and antibiotics can be given.  Larger polyps with a thick stalk can be managed by doing a certain type of procedure called LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure which employs electrical current. In some cases, laser surgery may be warranted. Likely complications after the procedure include slight bleeding and pain. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

Prevention

There is not much literature regarding the prevention of cervical polyps. But routine physical exam with a gynecologist may help decrease the risk of cancer since polyps are quite easily detectible. ^[5]

References:

1.      http://women.webmd.com/tc/cervical-polyps-topic-overview

2.      http://cervicalpolyp.org/cervical-polyp-2/cervical-polyp/

3.      http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001494.htm

4.      http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/cervical-polyps.html

5.      http://www.activeforever.com/a-cervical-polyp

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