Chalazion

Chalazion

Chalazion also called conjunctival granuloma derived its name from a Greek word called hailstone. ^[1] It is a small lump measuring around 2-8 mm found in the eyelid. The condition is often caused by obstruction of oil gland or inflammation and typically resolves by itself. ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Causes

Eyelid glands are found in both upper and lower eyelids and create substances which function to lubricate the eye surface. These glands are also referred to as meibomian or tarsal glands. Blockage can happen at the narrow opening through which an eyelid gland secretes substances. The obstruction may be due to narrowing of the opening or hardening of the sebaceous liquid in close proximity to the opening. Once this happens, swelling may ensue. The breakdown of oil creates products that seep out into neighboring tissue and provokes an inflammatory response. The result is a chalazion. ^{[1] [3]}

Poor hygiene and stress are among the suggested causes of chalazion. ^[1]

Signs and Symptoms

The affected individual often notices a tiny hard lump on the eyelid. It can sometimes get infected thus a person may experience swelling, redness and pain in the area. Vision is rarely affected. Chalazion tends to recur in patients. ^{[4] [1]}

Diagnosis

Physical examination is necessary to make a diagnosis. ^[2] Infrared photographic imaging can reveal abnormalities of the eyelid when everted. Histology can demonstrate granulomatous reactions and typical cell changes. ^[1]

Treatment

No initial treatment is recommended as most go away without any medical intervention. It is imperative that the patient does not squeeze or manipulate the chalazion. Hot compresses applied on the area may help alleviate discomfort and this would also hasten the drainage process. This can be done for 10-15 minutes about four times daily. Lightly massaging the area may also help. Sometimes steroid injection can be given. If bacterial infection occurs, antibiotics are given. A minor operation done by an eye specialist or ophthalmologist may be needed in some cases. Complications seldom happen and scars are uncommon. Chalazion may recur. ^{[2] [4] [5]}

References:

1.      http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1212709-overview

2.      http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001006.htm

3.      http://www.medicinenet.com/chalazion/article.htm

4.       http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Chalazion.htm

5.      www.emedicinehealth.com/chalazion_lump_in_eyelid/page8_em.htm#medical_treatment

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