Deep Vein Thrombosis

Deep Vein Thrombosis
 

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) refers to a condition when a blood clot or thrombus is formed in a deep vein situated frequently in the leg which can cause pain and swelling. Most cases resolve spontaneously however some lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism which can be fatal. ^{[1] [2]}

Epidemiology

The condition is becoming increasingly prevalent. Indeed, it has been estimated that 80 cases per 100,000 are recorded each year. DVT is a top cause of morbidity and death among patients admitted in hospitals particularly bedridden ones. Most of the affected people have age greater than 40 years old. Males have a higher risk. People belonging to the Asian and Hispanic race have relatively lower risk of developing the condition. ^[2]             

Causes

Blood clots may form due to a variety of reasons. Most often, it is due to an alteration in the blood flow in the veins. A person gets a higher chance of developing DVT when he or she has a relative who also had blood clots, has been in a prolonged bedrest, has fractures along the leg or pelvic area, has given birth within the last six months, has undergone a surgical procedure recently particularly in the hip, knee or pelvis, has been sitting for long hours such as during a travel and if he has a pacemaker catheter that has been inserted via a vein located in the groin. Also being obese, cigarette smoking and taking contraceptive pills are considered risk factors. An individual also is more predisposed to develop clotting problems when he or she has medical diseases such as cancer and autoimmune illnesses. ^[3]

Signs and Symptoms

More often than not, large veins in the legs are affected and the condition typically involves just one side of the body. The affected area may appear red and swollen. When touched, it feels warm and often there is accompanying pain. ^[3]

Diagnosis

The patient’s medical history is obtained and a physical exam is performed. Laboratory exams that may be done include D-dimer blood test and doppler ultrasound exam.  ^[3]

Treatment

Heparin is classically given.  This may be prescribed together with another drug called warfarin. The patient may be asked to wear pressure stockings to improve blood flow and avert potential complications.

References:

1.      http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Deep-vein-thrombosis/Pages/Introduction.aspx

2.      http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview#aw2aab6b2b2

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000156.htm

Public Discussion

Anonymous - I'm at the ER and with a recent injury to right leg , left leg swollen , redness on left ankle, left ankle veins enlarged.left ankle warm to the touch. And the doctor refuses to check for blood clotsMonday 02nd November 2020 at 4:17PMReplyReport