Heart Failure

Sign/Symptoms
Ankle Swelling (Ankle Oedema) Appetite Loss (Anorexia) Blood Pressure Below Normal (Hypotension) Blood Pressure High (Hypertension) Breath Shortness (Dyspnoea) Breathing Difficulty When Lying Flat (Orthopnoea) Cough: Nocturnal (Coughing at Night) Dizziness Face Swollen Fatigue Feet Cold Fingers Cold Fluid Collection in Abdominal Cavity (Ascites) Heart Murmur (Detected by Stethoscope) Heart or Pulse Rate Raised (Tachycardia) Lung Fluid Accumulation (Oedema Pulmonary) Mind: Confusion Mind: Depression Mind: Malaise Muscle Wasting Nausea Neck: Visible Pulsations Nose Bleed (Epistaxis) Pain: Chest Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea (PND - Waking Up at Night from Lack of Breath) Poor Exercise Tolerance Skin Bluish Coloration (Cyanosis) Skin: Swelling Beneath The Skin (Angioedema) Swelling (Oedema, Edema) Urination Increase At Night (Nocturia) Weight Loss (Body Mass Index Decreased) Wheezing

Treatments
Surgery Pacemaker Implant Cardiac Defibrillator Implant Heart Transplant Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation Artificial Heart Implantation Mitral Valve Repair Coronary Artery Bypass Surgical Left Ventricular Remodeling Medical Procedure Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) Sodium Restriction Lifestyle Changes Rest Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Home or Self Monitoring Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Fluid Restriction Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Moderate Physical Activity Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Reduce or Stop Smoking Strongly in Favour High Evidence Weight Reduction Strongly in Favour High Evidence Medical Therapy Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Artificial Heart Implantation Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Cardiac Defibrillator Implant Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Coronary Artery Bypass Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Heart Transplant Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Mitral Valve Repair Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Pacemaker Implant Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Surgical Left Ventricular Remodeling Weakly in Favour Low Evidence

Attributes
Commonality is common Incidence is approximately 1 in 50 people

Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:

Vitamin E [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:

Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help in preventing some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present. Please note, this acts as a PREVENTATIVE treatment, and not necessarily symptomatic relief. This vitamin can have harmful effects if taken in doses higher than 100% of the recommended daily allowance.

Recommendation: No recommendation (There is no evidence to support claims that vitamin E supplements can help prevent the risk of developing heart disease.)

Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence

* www.gradeworkinggroup.org

Summary References

Treatments:

1. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/vitamin-e

2. http://nccam.nih.gov/news/alerts/vitamine/vitamine.htm

3. http://nccam.nih.gov/research/results/spotlight/070106.htm

4. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vitamine.html

5. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/76/4/703

6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586922/?tool=pmcentrez

7. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamine.asp#h3

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