Primary Liver Cancer

Sign/Symptoms
Abdominal Bloating Abdominal Swelling Appetite Loss (Anorexia) Fever (Raised Body Temperature) Liver Enlarged Or Tender Liver: Cirrhosis Mind: Lethargy Nausea Pain Abdominal Pain in Upper Abdomen (Epigastric Burning) Pain Right Shoulder Shivering Skin Itching Skin Itching Generalized Skin Yellowing (Jaundice) Weakness Weight Loss (Body Mass Index Decreased)

Drugs
Fentanyl

Treatments
Surgery Excision Liver Transplant Hepatectomy Cryosurgery Hepatic Resection Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablative Therapy Medical Procedure Radiation Treatment Alternative Medicine Strychnos Nux Vomica (Maqianzi, Poison Nut) Strongly Against Very Low Evidence Medical Therapy Excision Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Radiation Treatment Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Cryosurgery Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Liver Transplant Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Hepatectomy Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Hepatic Resection Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablative Therapy Weakly in Favour Low Evidence

Attributes
GeographicalRegion = GeographicalRegion is Africa Incidence is approximately 1 in 13,048 people

Further Tests
Acid Phosphatase Concentration Acid Phosphatase (Increased) Activated Coagulation Time (ACT) Coagulation Bleeding Time (Increased) Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Increased) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Concentration Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (Increased) Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT) (Increased) Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Serum AFP, Blood) Alpha-Fetoprotein (Non-Pregnant, Serum) (Increased) Ammonia Concentration Test Ammonia (Increased) Ammonia (Increased) Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) (Decreased) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (Increased) Bleeding Time (Ivy Method) Template Bleeding Time (Increased) Blood Uric Acid Concentration Test Uric Acid, Blood (Increased) Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration Glucose (Cerebrospinal Fluid) (Decreased) Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Protein (Increased) Cerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocytes (Increased) Cerebrospinal Fluid Neutrophil Differential (Increased) Creatine Kinase Concentration Creatine Kinase (CK) (Decreased) D-Dimer Blood Test D-Dimer (Increased) Eosinophils Count Eosinophils (Increased) erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (Increased) Ferritin Concentration Ferritin (Increased) Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps) Fibrin Split Products (Increased) Fibrin Monomers Test Fibrin Monomers (Increased) Fibrinogen Concentration test Fibrinogen (Decreased) Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) (Increased) Folic Acid (Folate) Concentration Folic Acid (Folate) (Decreased) Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Concentration Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) (Increased) haptoglobin (Hp) concentration haptoglobin (Hp) (Increased) Heamatocrit (Hct) RBC Mass (Increased) Hemoglobin (Hb) Concentration Hemoglobin (Hb) (Increased) Lactate Dehydrogenase Concentration lipase concentration Lipase (Increased) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentration Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (Decreased) Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Red Blood Cell (RBC) Volume (Increased) Neutrophil Absolute Count Segmented Neutrophils (Increased) Osmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality) Osmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality) (Increased) Phenylketonuria Test Phenylalanine (Increased) Plasminogen Activity Plasminogen (Decreased) Platelet Count Platelets (Increased) Potassium Concentration (K, Blood) Potassium (K, Blood) (Decreased) Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein) Albumin (Blood) (Decreased) Gamma Globulin (Blood, Serum) (Increased) Prothrombin Time (PT) Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count Red Blood Cells (RBC) (Increased) Reticulocyte Absolute Count Reticulocytes (Decreased) Thrombin Time Thrombin Time (Increased) Thyroglobulin (Tg) Concentration Thyroglobulin (Tg) (Increased) Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH) Concentration Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH) (Increased) Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration Thyroxine (Total T4) (Decreased) Thyroxine (Total T4) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration Triiodothyronine (Free T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration Triiodothyronine (Total T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine (Total T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine Uptake Test Triiodothyronine Uptake Percentage (Increased) Urine bilirubin Concentration Urine bilirubin (Increased) Urine Sodium Quantitative (24hr) Urine Sodium (Decreased) Urine Specific Gravity (SG) Urine Specific Gravity (SG) (Increased) Vitamin B12 (VB12) Concentration Vitamin B12 (VB12) (Decreased)

Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:

Strychnos Nux-Vomica (Maqianzi, Poison Nut) [1, 2, 3, 4]:

WARNING! This substance is HIGHLY POISONOUS. The seeds contain Strychnine, which may cause convulsions, breathing difficulties and death, even if as little as 5 milligrams is ingested

Recommendation: Strongly against (There is no evidence in the form of clinical trials which report the effectiveness of Strychnos Nux-Vomica, because it is highly poisonous to humans, and is not recommended.)

Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence

* www.gradeworkinggroup.org

Summary References

Treatments:

1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009

2. David Michael Wood et al. Case report: Survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with toxicokinetic data. Critical Care October 2002 Vol 6 No 5

3. Arnold, M.D., Harry L. (1968). Poisonous Plants of Hawaii. Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Co.. p. 20. ISBN 0804804745.

4. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/strychnos-nux-vomica

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