Tuberculosis

Sign/Symptoms
Appetite Loss (Anorexia) Chills Cough Coughing Up Blood (Haemoptysis, Hemoptysis) Eye Watery Fatigue Fever (Raised Body Temperature) Night Sweats Nose Congested or Running (Rhinitis) Pain: Chest Skin Rash Sweating (Perspiring) Weight Loss (Body Mass Index Decreased)

Drugs
Amikacin Cortisone Isoniazid Prednisone Rifampicin Streptomycin

Treatments
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES SEEK IMMEDIATE PROFESSIONAL HELP Alternative Medicine Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis) Weakly Against Low Evidence Kava (Piper Methysticum) No Recommendation Very Low Evidence Lifestyle Changes Increased Living Hygiene Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Isolation Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Medical Therapy Isolation Weakly in Favour Low Evidence SEEK IMMEDIATE PROFESSIONAL HELP Strongly in Favour Moderate Evidence

Attributes
Commonality for Africa is common Commonality for Southern India is common Commonality for Asia is common Commonality for South America is uncommon Commonality for Russia is uncommon Commonality for Afghanistan is uncommon Commonality for Pakistan is common Commonality for Australia is rare Commonality for South Africa is common Commonality for Europe is rare Commonality for North America is rare Commonality for China is common Commonality for Zimbabwe is common Commonality for East Africa is common Commonality for Central America is common Commonality for Central Africa is common Commonality for Sub Saharan Africa is common Commonality for North Africa is uncommon GeographicalRegion is Eastern Mediterranean Region GeographicalRegion is South East Asia

Further Tests
Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB Smear or Culture) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Increased) Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT) (Increased) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) (Increased) Apolipoprotein B Concentration Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (Decreased) Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total) Calcium (Blood, Total) (Increased) Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration Glucose (Cerebrospinal Fluid) (Decreased) Cholesterol Concentration Cholesterol (Total) (Increased) Cholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase) Cholinesterase (Decreased) D-Dimer Blood Test D-Dimer (Increased) erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Fibrinogen Concentration test Fibrinogen (Increased) Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) (Increased) haptoglobin (Hp) concentration haptoglobin (Hp) (Increased) Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping CD4 to CD8 Ratio (Decreased) Lymphocytes Count Lymphocytes (Decreased) Monocyte Absolute Count Monocytes (Increased) Neutrophil Absolute Count Segmented Neutrophils (Increased) Platelet Count Platelets (Increased) Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein) Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum) (Increased) Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count Red Blood Cells (RBC) (Decreased) Spirometry Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75) (Decreased) Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux Test for Tuberculosis, TB) Positive Mantoux Test (Reactive Tuberculin Test, Localized Skin Induration and Redness) (Increased) Urine glucose concentration Urine glucose (Increased) Urine Leukocyte Esterase Screening Urine Leukocyte Esterase (Increased) Urine Lysozyme Concentration Lysozyme (Muramidase, Urine) (Increased) Urine Red Blood Cells Concentration Urine Red Blood Cells (Increased) Urine Urobilinogen Concentration Urobilinogen (Urine) (Increased) Urine White Blood Cells Test Urine White Blood Cells (Increased)

Tuberculosis

Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:

Kava (Piper Methysticum) [1, 9, 10, 11, 12]:

WARNING: In rare cases, kava may lead to liver failure and other life threatening problems. The FDA warns that those who have had liver problems, or are on medicacations which may affect the liver, patients should check with their doctors before taking Kava. Other side effects include headache, upset stomach, drowsiness, weight loss, bloody urine, and muscle weakness.

Recommendation: weakly in favor (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Kava helps to treat symptoms of TB. More research is needed)

Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence

Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]:

Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.

Recommendation: Weakly against (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Goldenseal helps to treat tuberculosis. More studies are needed. Goldenseal may produce toxic effects, including depression, constipation, rapid heartbeat, stomach pain, mouth ulcers and vomiting.)

Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence

* www.gradeworkinggroup.org

Summary References

Treatments:

1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009

2. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/goldenseal

3. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/goldenseal/

4. Tierra Michael (1998): The Way of Herbs. New York, Pocket Books

5. Grieve M. (1971): A Modern Herbal. New York, Dover Publications, Inc

6. Mills S. and Bone K. (2000): Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone

7. Tice Raymond (1997): Goldenseal and Two of its constituent alkaloids: berberine and hydrastine Research Triangle Park, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, in Seiger E: Review of Toxilogical Literature

8. http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/ellingwood/hydrastis.html

9. http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=SP05005.pdf

10. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/kava

11. http://www.kavazen.com/pages/library.htm#KavaZen and Kava Safety

12. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/kava/index.htm

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