Kidney Failure

Also Know As Renal Failure

Sign/Symptoms
Ankle Swelling (Ankle Oedema) Appetite Loss (Anorexia) Blood in Urine (Hematuria) Blood Pressure Below Normal (Hypotension) Blood: Potassium Elevated (Hyperkalaemia) Breath Shortness (Dyspnoea) Breathing Rapid Hyperventilation (Tachypnea) Bruising Easily Dizziness Fatigue Heart Rate Irregular (Arrhythmia) Involuntary Trembling Or Quivering (Tremor) Mind: Agitation Mind: Lethargy Mind: Poor Concentration Mind: Poor Memory Skills Movements Slow Muscle Cramp Muscle Weakness Nausea Pain Back Pain Side (Flank) Pale Urine Seizures Skin Darkening (Hyperpigmentation) Skin Itching Sleep Persistent Difficulty Falling Asleep Sleepiness or Drowsiness (Somnolence) Swelling (Oedema, Edema) Urination Increase At Night (Nocturia) Urine Dark Urine Output Decreased (Oliguria) Urine: Foamy, Excessive Frothing Vomiting Weakness Weight Loss (Body Mass Index Decreased)

Drugs
Frusemide (Furosemide)

Treatments
Surgery Arterio-Venous Fistula Renal Transplantation Medical Procedure Dialysis Catheter Drainage Intravenous fluids (IV) Fluid input and output monitoring urinary catheter MEDICAL EMERGENCIES SEEK IMMEDIATE PROFESSIONAL HELP Amino Acids N acetylcysteine (NAC) (LoE: 2) Acetyl L Carnitine (LoE: 3) Alternative Medicine St Johns Wort (Goatweed, Tipton Weed, Hypericum Perforatum) No Recommendation Low Evidence Coenzyme Q10 (LoE: 1) Lifestyle Changes Intravenous fluids (IV) Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Medical Therapy Catheter Drainage Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Dialysis Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Fluid input and output monitoring Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Urinary Catheter Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Arterio-Venous Fistula Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Renal Transplantation Weakly in Favour Low Evidence SEEK IMMEDIATE PROFESSIONAL HELP Strongly in Favour Moderate Evidence

Attributes
Commonality is common

Further Tests
Acid Phosphatase Concentration Acid Phosphatase (Increased) Ammonia Concentration Test Ammonia (Increased) Ammonia (Increased) amylase concentration Amylase (Increased) Anion Gap Anion Gap (Excluding Potassium) (Increased) Anion Gap (Including Potassium) (Increased) Apolipoprotein A Concentration Apolipoprotein A (Apo A) (Decreased) Apolipoprotein B Concentration Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (Increased) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (Decreased) Bleeding Time (Ivy Method) Template Bleeding Time (Increased) C-Peptide Concentration Test C-Peptide (Increased) Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total) Calcium (Blood, Total) (Decreased) Chloride Concentration (Blood) Chloride (Blood, Cl) (Increased) Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) Creatinine Clearance Rate (Decreased) Creatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine) Creatinine (Blood) (Increased) Erythropoietin (Ep) Concentration Erythropoietin (Ep) (Decreased) Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps) Fibrin Split Products (Increased) Gastrin Concentration Gastrin (Increased) High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Concentration High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (Decreased) Lactic Acid Concentration Lactic Acid (Venous Blood) (Increased) lipase concentration Lipase (Increased) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentration Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (Increased) Lymphocytes Count Lymphocytes (Decreased) Magnesium Concentration (Mg, Blood) Magnesium (Mg, Blood) (Increased) Phosphate Concentration (PO4, Phosphorus) Phosphate (PO4, Phosphorus, P) (Increased) Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein) Albumin (Blood) (Decreased) Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum) (Increased) Protein S Concentration Protein S (Decreased) Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count Red Blood Cells (RBC) (Decreased) Sodium Concentration (Na, Blood) Sodium (Na, Blood) (Decreased) Sweat Testing Sodium (Na, Sweat) (Increased) Chloride (Sweat, Cl) (Increased) Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration Triglycerides (Increased) Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration Triiodothyronine (Free T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration Triiodothyronine (Total T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine (Total T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine Uptake Test Triiodothyronine Uptake Percentage (Increased) Urine Albumin 24hr test Urine Albumin (Increased) Urine Amino Acid Concentration Alanine (Urine) (Increased) Alpha Aminoadipic Acid (Urine) (Increased) Alpha Amino N Buryric Acid (Urine) (Increased) Arginine (Urine) (Increased) Asparagine (Urine) (Increased) Citrulline (Urine) (Increased) Glutamic Acid (Urine) (Increased) Glycine (Urine) (Increased) Histidine (Urine) (Increased) Lysine (Urine) (Increased) Methionine (Urine) (Increased) 1 Methylhistidine (Urine) (Increased) 3 Methylhistidine (Urine) (Increased) Ornithine (Urine) (Increased) Phenylalanine (Urine) (Increased) Phosphoserine (Urine) (Increased) Phosphoethanolamine (Urine) (Increased) Proline (Urine) (Increased) Taurine (Urine) (Increased) Threonine (Urine) (Increased) Tyrosine (Urine) (Increased) Valine (Urine) (Increased) Serine (Urine) (Increased) Urine Chloride Concentration Urine Chloride (Decreased) Urine Crystal Concentration Calcium Oxalate Crystals (Urine) (Increased) Urine Estriol (E3) Concentration Urine Estriol (E3) (Increased) Urine Fatty Cast Concentration Urine Fatty Cast (Increased) Urine Granular Cast Concentration Unrine Granular Casts (Increased) Urine Hyaline Cast Concentration Urine Hyaline Casts (Increased) Urine Osmolality Urine Osmolality (Increased) Urine Oxalate Concentration (24 Hour) Urine Oxalate (Decreased) Urine pH Test Urine (Increased) Urine Red Blood Cells Concentration Urine Red Blood Cells (Increased)

Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:

St John's Wort (Goatweed, tipton weed, Hypericum Perforatum) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]:

Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.

Recommendation: No recommendation (Available evidence does not support claims that St Johns Wort can help to treat kidney disease)

Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence

* www.gradeworkinggroup.org

Summary References

Treatments:

1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009

2. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/st-johns-wort

3. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-stjohnswort.html

4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843608

5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11939866

6. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/stjohnswort/ataglance.htm

7. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/stjohnswort/sjw-and-depression.htm

8. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/how-is-depression-detected-and-treated.shtml

9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11939872

10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12132963

11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16423519

12. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/299/22/2633

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