Hepatitis A

Sign/Symptoms
Appetite Loss (Anorexia) Diarrhoea (Diarrhea) Fever (Raised Body Temperature) Fluid Collection in Abdominal Cavity (Ascites) Liver Enlarged Or Tender Mind: Malaise Pain Abdominal Skin Itching Skin Itching Generalized Skin Yellowing (Jaundice) Stool Pale Urine Dark Vomiting

Drugs

Our Records are Incomplete for Drugs

Treatments
Medical Procedure Supportive Treatment Immunoprophylaxis Vitamins Selenium Supplementation No Recommendation Very Low Evidence Minerals Selenium Supplementation No Recommendation Very Low Evidence Lifestyle Changes Rest Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Avoid Strenuous Exercise Weakly in Favour Low Evidence Reduce or Stop Alcohol Consumption Strongly in Favour High Evidence Medical Therapy Immunoprophylaxis Weakly in Favour Low Evidence

Attributes
Commonality for Russia is uncommon

Further Tests
Acid Phosphatase Concentration Acid Phosphatase (Increased) Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Increased) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Concentration Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (Increased) Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT) (Increased) Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Serum AFP, Blood) Alpha-Fetoprotein (Non-Pregnant, Serum) (Increased) Ammonia Concentration Test Ammonia (Increased) Ammonia (Increased) amylase concentration Amylase (Decreased) Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) (Increased) Apolipoprotein A Concentration Apolipoprotein A (Apo A) (Decreased) Apolipoprotein B Concentration Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (Increased) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (Increased) Blood Urea Nitrogen Tests Blood Urea Nitrogen (Decreased) Blood Uric Acid Concentration Test Uric Acid, Blood (Decreased) Cholesterol Concentration Cholesterol (Total) (Increased) Cholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase) Cholinesterase (Decreased) Coagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors) Factor II (Prothrombin, Percentage of Normal Value) (Decreased) Factor XI (Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent, Percentage of Normal Value) (Decreased) Factor X (Stuart Prower Factor, Percentage of Normal Value) (Decreased) Factor IX (Christmas Factor, Percentage of Normal Value) (Decreased) Factor V (Labile Factor, Proaccelerin, Percentage of Normal Value) (Decreased) Factor XII (Hageman Factor, Percentage of Normal Value) (Decreased) Creatine Kinase Concentration Creatine Kinase (CK) (Decreased) D-Dimer Blood Test D-Dimer (Increased) Eosinophils Count Eosinophils (Decreased) Fecal Urobilinogen Concentration Urobilinogen (Stools) (Decreased) Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps) Fibrin Split Products (Increased) Fibrin Monomers Test Fibrin Monomers (Increased) Fibrinogen Concentration test Fibrinogen (Increased) Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Concentration Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) (Increased) High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Concentration High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (Decreased) Lactate Dehydrogenase Concentration Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (Increased) lipase concentration Lipase (Increased) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentration Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (Increased) Lymphocytes Count Lymphocytes (Increased) Phenylketonuria Test Phenylalanine (Increased) Plasminogen Activity Plasminogen (Decreased) Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein) Albumin (Blood) (Decreased) Alpha-1-Globulin (Blood, Serum) (Increased) Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum) (Decreased) Beta Globulin (Increased) Prothrombin Time (PT) Prothrombin Time (Increased) Thyroglobulin (Tg) Concentration Thyroglobulin (Tg) (Increased) Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration Thyroxine (Total T4) (Increased) Thyroxine (Total T4) (Increased) Thyroxine Binding Globulin Concentration (TBG, Thyroid Binding Globulin, Blood) Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TBG, Thyroid Binding Globulin, Blood) (Increased) Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration Triiodothyronine (Free T3) (Decreased) Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration Triiodothyronine (Total T3) (Increased) Triiodothyronine (Total T3) (Increased) Triiodothyronine Uptake Test Triiodothyronine Uptake Percentage (Decreased) Urine Amino Acid Concentration Alanine (Urine) (Increased) Alpha Aminoadipic Acid (Urine) (Increased) Alpha Amino N Buryric Acid (Urine) (Increased) Arginine (Urine) (Increased) Asparagine (Urine) (Increased) Carnosine (Urine) (Increased) Aspartic Acid (Urine) (Increased) Citrulline (Urine) (Increased) Cystine (Urine) (Increased) Glutamic Acid (Urine) (Increased) Glutamine (Urine) (Increased) Glycine (Urine) (Increased) Histidine (Urine) (Increased) Isoleucine (Urine) (Increased) Lysine (Urine) (Increased) Methionine (Urine) (Increased) 1 Methylhistidine (Urine) (Increased) 3 Methylhistidine (Urine) (Increased) Ornithine (Urine) (Increased) Phenylalanine (Urine) (Increased) Phosphoserine (Urine) (Increased) Phosphoethanolamine (Urine) (Increased) Proline (Urine) (Increased) Taurine (Urine) (Increased) Threonine (Urine) (Increased) Tyrosine (Urine) (Increased) Valine (Urine) (Increased) Serine (Urine) (Increased) Urine Amylase Excretion Rate Urine Amylase (Decreased) Urine bilirubin Concentration Urine bilirubin (Increased) Urine Porphyrin Concentration Uroporphyrin (Increased) Urine Sodium Quantitative (24hr) Urine Sodium (Decreased) Urine Urobilinogen Concentration Urobilinogen (Urine) (Increased) Vitamin B12 (VB12) Concentration Vitamin B12 (VB12) (Increased) White Blood Cell (WBC) Count White Blood Cell (WBC) (Increased)

Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:

Selenium Supplement [3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]:

Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present. IMPORTANT: Selenium is toxic in high doses. Massive overdoses can cause kidney failure, breathing difficulty and death. Selenium should only be taken at healthy levels which the body is able to tolerate.

Recommendation: No recommendation (Available evidene does not support claims that selenium helps to prevent or treat hepatitis)

Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence

Chlorella (Green Algae, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa) [3, 4, 5, 6]:

Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.

Recommendation: no recommendation (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Chlorella helps to treat hepatitis in any way)

Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence

* www.gradeworkinggroup.org

Summary References

Treatments:
1. Schiff ER (1992). "Atypical clinical manifestations of hepatitis A". Vaccine 10 Suppl 1: S18–20

2. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec03/ch027/ch027b.html#sec03-ch027-ch027b-448

3. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009

4. Nakano, S et al. “Maternal-fetal distribution and transfer of dioxins in pregnant women in Japan, and attempts to reduce maternal transfer with Chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) supplements...” Chemosphere 2005 Dec; 61(9): 1244–55.

5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=11347287&dopt=Abstract

6. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/chlorella

7. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/selenium?sitearea=ETO

8. http://www.cancer.gov/Templates/doc.aspx?viewid=ED8AD8E8-6AE5-458D-8091-393F4CB73F0D

9. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-selenium.html

10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9290116

11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9829869

12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10335455

13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2136228

14. http://www.springerlink.com/content/v0r644v4ju5153k2/

15. http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/5/283

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